P-bol scientific write-up

[jim_a]

Pre-workout products these days have climbed to the top of sales and every company tries to have at least one in their product line. It is of little wonder, since everybody wants to have a good, enjoyable workout, kill the Sweights, get big, pumped, aggressive. However another factor most people overlook about the success of pre-workout products is that they represent HUGE profit margins for the supplement companies. The average pre-workout product would consist of massive amounts of carbs, arginine(both cheap “pump” inducers) and stimulants(also very cheap) and tens of other ingredients in a huge proprietary blends in non-detectable amounts that would have ZERO real effect despite the 100 cited studies. It would be fair to say that supplement companies up to date were knowingly cheating their customers into thinking they got the benefits of 10s of ingredients when in fact their senses were overpowered by the stims, carbs and Arginine. Not only this but up to date many companies continue to falsely describe their Arginine based products as “NO products” despite the absolute proof that Arginine does NOT boost Nitric Oxide levels or favourably alters hemodynamics in any way(1,2,3). Thermolife is a company with a long history of integrity and innovation and we are proud to introduce the most HONEST, POWERFUL and HEALTHY pre workout supplement ever to hit the market.




THE NITRATE ULTRAPUMP MATRIX
NITRATES(as Arginine Nitrate and Beta-Alanine Nitrate):
Thermolife was the first company to introduce nitrates as NO boosters, performance enhancers, and also holds various patents of their use. The successful use of nitrates in C-Bol and Vasolate are followed up in this product. For anyone unfamiliar with nitrates and their advantages here is a brief summary:
Lots of people use today NO products to increase “pumps”, vasodilation, nutrient transportation to the muscle, aerobic performance and recovery. All these products up to date had arginine as their base, which recently proved to be totally ineffective for actually raising NO levels. In fact most of the “pump” feeling comes from an insulin increase following Arginine supplementation (13). Nitrates have been used in the pharmaceutical industry for decades to induce direct and fast vasodilation. You see, nitrites and nitrates are not only inert end-products of NO oxidation. In addition, they can be recycled back to bioactive NO and this pathway is an important alternative
to the classical L-arginine-NO-synthase pathway(14). This creates a powerful vasodilating effect which actually helps with nutrient absorption and distribution and increases athletic performance(15). Since nitrates are naturally abundant in many vegetables and also present in meat, their safety is well established. In fact, in a recent study researchers provided the subject with 700mg of nitrate per day and as they said “The BR supplementation regimen implemented in this study was well tolerated with no deleterious side effects”. The beneficial effects of nitrate supplementation included lower BP, 20% less needed oxygen for muscle work and increased time to failure”. (16)

There is more beauty to the nitrate moiety however. Organic nitrates have also a great use in pharmacy as a permeation enhancer. That means that they increase intestinal absorption of not only the bonded molecule but ALL nutrients co ingested. They are even able to allow absorption of large macromolecules as insulin(17,18,19,61)!

ASCORBIC ACID
Well known as Vitamin C, it’s numerous benefits are well known. It’s part in P-BOL is two-fold:
First of all, Nitric Oxide Production from nitrate produces free radicals in the bloodstream(20,21).
Secondly, prolonged use of nitrates may cause tolerance, thus minimizing their effects. The reason or nitrate tolerance is that NO production wastes body's glutathione levels. The suggested mechanism in brief is: RONO2+GSH->GS-NO2->H +NO2->NO
In that mechanism, Glutathione(GSH) binds to NO2 via the enzyme Glutathione-S-transferase and after the production of NO2 the GS leftover binds with another
molecule of Glutathione to create GS-SG. In brief words, for one molecule on NO to be created in the body, two molecules of Glutathione must be spent. It is also speculated the oxidative stress that NO production causes, further enhances Glutathione depletion. (22,23,24,25).
Of the various strategies used to overcome nitrate tolerance, Vitamin C supplementation has proven effective(25), much more than other popular antioxidants.

ARGININE NITRATE: Yet another compound to be first introduced by Thermolife. Many of you will wonder why we chose to include Arginine when we have already established that Arginine is ineffective to boost nitric oxide levels in healthy athletes. While this is true(although an Arginine deficiency can hinder NO production and endothelial function) there is a particular property of Arginine that makes it’s inclusion in a nitrate based NO product worthy. Arginine can successfully prevent nitrate tolerance in humans (26).

FOLIC ACID:
Another important nutrient for human health and performance, it is also important for the regeneration of compounds required for the body’s natural NO production. Research has demonstrated that folic acid supplementation prevents both nitrate tolerance and reduction of the body’s endogenous NO production(27,2

RESVERATROL:
A natural phytoalexin found among other sources in Red wine, this compound has found great utilization in today’s sports and health supplements due to it’s many beneficial effects, like cardiovascular protection, antioxidant activity, testosterone boosting, improvement of sperm count and health e.t.c. Of particular interest for it’s use in P-Bol was Resveratrol’s effect on skeletal muscle:
Resveratrol can increase the size and content of
mitochondria as well as the mitochondrial enzyme activity in nonoxidative
muscle fibers, which contributes to an increase in maximal
oxygen consumption of those fibers (29)
Resveratrol was also shown to protect mice from insulin resistance
while on a high fat diet (30) Resveratrol
has been shown to stimulate glucose uptake by skeletal muscle.
Some studies have shown that resveratrol can stimulate glucose uptake
independent of the action of insulin as well as enhance insulindependent
glucose transport (31) Resveratrol has been consistently shown to inhibit protein degradation
and to attenuate atrophy of skeletalmuscle fibers in vitro (32). Resveratrol also has a strong antioxidant effect and can protect muscle cells from injury and death (33).
Of even greater interest are Resveratrol’s effects on vascular function: Not only is Resveratrol a strong vasorelaxant agent(34,35) but it can also prevent nitrate tolerance(36).
A major drawback of Resveratrol in oral human use is its limited bioavailability due to extensive glucuronidation and sulfation by the intestines and liver. To counter this it was coupled in P-Bol by powerful Glucuronidase and Sulfatase inhibitors. But more importantly, we are the first to utilize buccal delivery. By keeping a mouthful of delicious P-bol drink for a minute on your mouth, you get 25000% more resveratrol in your blood!(62)

QUERCETIN: Another natural compound with myriad beneficial effects that has found great use in many sports and health supplements applications, Quercetin has a quadruple role in P-Bol:
First it can increase the bioavailability of Resveratrol through inhibition of both Glucuronidation (37) and Sulfation (3
Secondly, it posseses vasorelaxing effects of its own (34)
Third, it can enhance nitrate bioactivation into nitrite at the oral cavity (39) thus resulting in greater NO production from nitrate.
Finally, it can scavenge excess NO and free radicals while maintaining NO biofunctionality (40)






PLASMAVOLIC MATRIX

GLYCEROL(as Sodium, Potassium and Magnesium Glycerolphosphate)
Glycerol is a natural polyalcohol that acts as an osmotic plasma volumizer. In simple words it attracts water molecules thus increasing the volume of plasma and hydration. It can thus have ergogenic potential on sports where dehydration is a concern(41). Another interesting property is it’s capacity to maintain blood pressure is normal levels where it would drop , either through vasodilatation or dehydration. While small drops in blood pressure can be considered healthy, big decreases can cause unwanted side effects like dizziness and headaches. Thus the addition of a plasma volumizer like Glycerol can help maintain healthy blood pressure while not countering the beneficial effects of vasodilation. A problem with Glycerol is that is a liquid which makes it hard to add in powdered products. Most companies have tried to overcome this by using Glycerol Monostearate(GMS), a form of Glycerol bonded with the fatty acid Stearic Acid. Such an approach is terrible, as not only Stearic Acid has a substantial caloric value and is utterly useless but also GMS wields about only 30% of it’s weight in Glycerol, the rest being useless fat. The forms used in P-Bol not only posseses a higher wield in Glycerol but are also bonded with useful ingredients-electrolytes.

ELECTROLYTE COMPLEX(Consisting of Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium and Phosphate ions)
The importance of electrolytes for bodily function and sports performance is well known. Electrolyte depletion during exercise through sweating can severely affect performance and lower blood pressure to uncomfortable levels. Not only has P-bol a sufficient dose of the basic electrolytes but also a hefty dose of Magnesium. Magnesium can prevent muscle cramping(42,43) while it’s deficiency increases the risk for muscle injury and cramping (43). Meanwhile it’s ergogenic and performance enhancing attributes have been well established(44,45,46)



PROTON FLUSH COMPLEX

BETA ALANINE(As free form Beta-alanine and beta-alanine nitrate)
A precursor of Carnosine, a dipeptide found in skeletal muscle which removes hydrogen ions from the cell. Accumulation of Hydrogen ions inside the muscle cell causes the “burn” feeling that results in muscle fatigue and failure. Thus boosting Carnosine stores through supplementation with beta alanine has been shown to improve athletic performance and body composition, with effective doses starting at about 2 grams per day (47,4 with optimal results achieved with the combination of Creatine Supplementation and high-intensity interval training(49, 50,51).

CREATINE (As Dicreatine Malate)
A well known and researched nutritional supplement with scientifically proven effects in improving performance and body composition, also has a synergistic role in reducing muscle cell acidosis.

CREATINOL-O-PHOSPHATE(COP):
An analogue of creatine, COP cannot increase ATP levels as creatine can. However it can significantly boost muscle function by reducing intracellular lactate/H+ concentrations and boosting cardiac function(52,53) and increase muscle strength (54)


BRAIN&BODY FUEL MATRIX

MALIC ACID(As free form L-Malic Acid and Dicreatine Malate)
Malic acid is a natural dicarboxylic acid. Its importance to the production of energy in the body during both aerobic and anaerobic conditions is well established. Under aerobic conditions, the oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate provides reducing equivalents to the mitochondria through the malate-aspartate redox shuttle. During anaerobic conditions, where a buildup of excess of reducing equivalents inhibits glycolysis, malic acids simultaneous reduction to succinate and oxidation to oxaloacetate is capable of removing the accumulating reducing equivalents. This allows malic acid to reverse hypoxias inhibition of glycolysis and energy production. It is of no wonder thus that malic acid supplementation can reduce fatigue, improve muscle performance, increase cognitive performance and increase glycogen stores(55,56,57,5. Despite all these wonderful properties, supplement companies have failed to introduce a sufficient dose of Malic Acid in their supplements, being content with the small amount found in malic acid salts like Creatine or Citrulline Malate. P-Bol is the first supplement to utilize an efficient dose of malate, utilizing malate for it’s very own beneficial properties.

PALATINOSE
Also known as Isomaltulose, it is a sugar analogue found in sugar cane and honey. Unlike other simple carbs like sugar and dextrose with a high GI index that can cause blood glucose fluctuations resulting in what is known as the “carb crash”, Palatinose is low-glycaemic and low-insulinemic. Thus it can create more balanced and long lasting energy effects than sugar without a “crash”. Being low-insulinemic,Paltinose also supports improved fat oxidation during physical activity as high insulin levels hinder the use of lipids as an energy source. Thus palatinose can increase the amount of fat used as energy, enhancing athletic performance. (59). The stable glucose levels also have a positive effect in mental concentration, even when only 5 grams of palatinose are ingested(60). Thus while P-Bol remains suitable for people in low-carb diets, it can provide the bodily and mental support that carbs have.


























1 No effect of short-term arginine supplementation on nitric oxide production, metabolism and performance in intermittent exercise in athletes.
Department of Physical Education, Taiwan Sport University, 404 Taichung, Taiwan.

2 Effects of arginine supplementation on post-exercise metabolic responses.
Tsai PH, Tang TK, Juang CL, Chen KW, Chi CA, Hsu MC.
Department of Physical Education, Yuanpei University, Hsin Chu, Taiwan, Republic of China.

3 Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009 Apr;41(4):773-9.
Hemodynamic and vascular response to resistance exercise with L-arginine.
Fahs CA, Heffernan KS, Fernhall B.
Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, Exercise and Cardiovascular
Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL
61820, USA.

13 2 Glucose- and arginine-induced insulin secretion by human pancreatic ί-cells: the role of HERG K+ channels in firing and release

14 Does NO metabolism play a role in the effects of vegetables in health?Nitric oxide formation via the reduction of nitrites and nitrates
Dina Ralt *
Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Tel Hashomer, Israel

15 Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2007 Sep;191(1):59-66. Epub 2007 Jul 17.
Effects of dietary nitrate on oxygen cost during exercise.
Larsen FJ, Weitzberg E, Lundberg JO, Ekblom B.

16 Dietary nitrate supplementation reduces the O2 cost of low-intensity exercise and enhances tolerance to high-intensity exercise in humans
Stephen J. Bailey,1 Paul Winyard,2 Anni Vanhatalo,1 Jamie R. Blackwell,1 Fred J. DiMenna,1 Daryl P. Wilkerson,1 Joanna Tarr,2 Nigel Benjamin,2 and Andrew M. Jones1
1School of Sport and Health Sciences and ; 2Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
17 Excellent absorption enhancing characteristics of NO donors for improving the intestinal absorption of poorly absorbable compound compared with conventional absorption enhancers.
Fetih G, Habib F, Katsumi H, Okada N, Fujita T, Attia M, Yamamoto A.

18 International Journal of Pharmaceutics 286 (2004) 89–97
Characterization of the influence of nitric oxide donors
on intestinal absorption of macromolecules
Koichi Takahashia,", Nanako Numataa, Natsumi Kinoshitaa,
Naoki Utoguchib, Tadanori Mayumic, Nobuyasu Mizunoa

19 Nitric oxide donors can enhance the intestinal transport and absorption of insulin and [Asu(1,7)]-eel calcitonin in rats.
Fetih G, Habib F, Okada N, Fujita T, Attia M, Yamamoto A.

20 Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C 134 (2003) 281 289
1532-0456/03/$
Review
The generation of free radicals by nitric oxide synthase
Supatra Porasuphatanaa,*, Pei Tsaib, Gerald M. Rosenb,c

21 Amelioration of nitrate tolerance: matching strategies with mechanisms* John D. Horowitz MBBS, PhD* Cardiology Unit, North Western Adelaide Health Service, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia

22 New insights into mechanisms underlying nitrate tolerance Thomas Mόnzel MDSabine Kurz MDb, Thomas Heitzer MDa and David G. Harrison MDaa From the Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A. b University of Freiburg, Germany

23 Mechanisms of nitrate tolerance: potential roles of folate.
Bellisarii FI, Gallina S, Zimarino M, De Caterina R.
Center of Excellence on Aging, University, Chieti, Italy.

24 Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 1994 Jun;8(3):489-99.
Mechanisms of nitrate tolerance.Fung HL, Bauer JA.
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, State University of New York at Buffalo 14260.

25 Endothelium-dependent and independent mechanisms of nitrate tolerance Ivan S. de la Lande , Elisa M. Kaesler , Tracey E. Siebert , Irene Stafford and John D. Horowitz

23 Dietary supplement with vitamin C prevents nitrate tolerance.
E Bassenge, N Fink, M Skatchkov, and B Fink
Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str 7, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.

26 Br J Pharmacol. 2000 May; 130(2): 209–210.
doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703340.
Arginine and nitrate tolerance
Raymond J MacAllister1*


27 J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2005; 2(2): 38–44.
The Antioxidant Role of Glutathione and N-Acetyl-Cysteine Supplements and Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress Chad Kerksick and Darryn Willoughby

28 Z Kardiol. 1989 May;78(5):328-34.
[Nitrate tolerance and its management by N-acetylcysteine (studies of patients with severe chronic heart failure)]
Bodemann T, Langescheid C, Hochrein H.

29 (Lagouge et al. 2006).

30 (Baur et al. 2006; Lagouge et al. 2006).

31 Chi et al. 2007; Deng et al. 2008; Park
et al. 2007

32 (Busquets et al.
2007; Russell et al. 2006;Wyke et al. 2004;Wyke and Tisdale 2006).

33 Cellular effects of resveratrol in skeletal muscle
Amie J. Dirks Naylor N
School of Pharmacy, Wingate University, 316 N. Main Street, Wingate, NC 28174, United States

34 Chen CK, Pace-Asciak CR. Vasorelaxing activity of resveratrol and
quercetin in isolated rat aorta. Gen Pharmacol. 1996;27:363–366.

35 Rakici O, Kiziltepe U, Coskun B, et al. Effects of resveratrol on
vascular tone and endothelial function of human saphenous vein
and internal mammary artery. Int J Cardiol. 2005;105:209–215

36 Effect of Resveratrol on Nitrate Tolerance in Isolated
Human Internal Mammary Artery
Bahar Coskun, BS,* Selen Soylemez, PhD,* Ali Ihsan Parlar, MD,w A. Tulga Ulus, MD,w
S. Fehmi Katircioglu, MD,w and Fatma Akar, PhD*

37 Xenobiotica. 2000 Nov;30(11):1047-54.
Glucuronidation of resveratrol, a natural product present in grape and wine, in the human liver.


38 Xenobiotica. 2000 Sep;30(9):857-66.
Sulphation of resveratrol, a natural compound present in wine, and its inhibition by natural flavonoids.


39 "Journal of agricultural and food chemistry." J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Sep 24;51(20):6014-20.
Quercetin-dependent reduction of salivary nitrite to nitric oxide under acidic conditions and interaction between quercetin and ascorbic acid during the reduction.

40 Mol Pharmacol. 2004 Apr;65(4):851-9.
Nitric oxide (NO) scavenging and NO protecting effects of quercetin and their biological significance in vascular smooth muscle.


41 Exploring the potential ergogenic effects of glycerol hyperhydration.
Nelson JL, Robergs RA.
Exercise Physiology Laboratories, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-1258, USA.
Sports Med. 2007;37(11):981-1000.

42 Arzneimittelforschung. 1998 Feb;48(2):161-6.
The role of magnesium in the generation and therapy of benign muscle cramps. Combined in-vivo/in-vitro studies on rat phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations.
Schindler R, Thφni H, Classen HG.


43 Can Fam Physician. 1996 July; 42: 1348–1351. Muscle cramps and magnesium deficiency: case reports.
D. L. Bilbey and V. M. Prabhakaran
Trinity Medical Clinic, Trinity Bay, Nfld.

44 Journal of the American College of Nutrition, Vol 11, Issue 3 326-329, Copyright © 1992 by American College of Nutrition
Effect of magnesium supplementation on strength training in humansL. R. Brilla and T. F. Haley
Exercise and Sport Science Laboratory, Western Washington University, Bellingham 98225.

45 Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1989;58(7):738-43.
Effect of sport-drink with and without fluoride and magnesium supplements on rat performance.
Sorvari R, Harri M.
Department of Anatomy, University of Kuopio, Finland.

46 Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Aug;84(2):419-26.
Magnesium and muscle performance in older persons: the InCHIANTI study.
Dominguez LJ, Barbagallo M, Lauretani F, Bandinelli S, Bos A, Corsi AM, Simonsick EM, Ferrucci L.
Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.

47 "Medicine and science in sports and exercise." Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009 Apr;41(4):898-903.
Beta-alanine improves sprint performance in endurance cycling.

48 The effect of beta-alanine supplementation on neuromuscular fatigue in elderly (55–92 Years): a double-blind randomized study

49 The effects of beta-alanine supplementation and high-intensity interval training on neuromuscular fatigue and muscle function.
Department of Health and Exercise Science, Metabolic and Body Composition Laboratory, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.

50 Amino Acids. 2007 Sep;33(3):505-10. Epub 2006 Sep 5.
Effects of 28 days of beta-alanine and creatine monohydrate supplementation on aerobic power, ventilatory and lactate thresholds, and time to exhaustion.
Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, FL, USA. rzoeller@fau.edu

51 "International journal of sport
nutrition and exercise metabolism." Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2006 Aug;16(4):430-46.
Effect of creatine and beta-alanine supplementation on performance and endocrine responses in strength/power athletes.

52 "Arzneimittel-Forschung." Arzneimittelforschung. 1978;28(10):1708-11.
Effects of creatinol-O-phosphate (COP) on haemodynamics and cardiac metabolism in conscious and anaesthetized dogs.

53 Pharmacological and toxicological properties of creatinol O-phosphate. A review.
Marzo A, Ghirardi P.

54 "Current therapeutic research, clinical and
experimental." Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 1975 Jun;17(6):531-4.
Creatinol O-phosphate (COP) and muscular performance: a controlled clinical trial.
HYPERLINK "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Nicaise%20J%22%5BAuthor%5D" Nicaise J.

55 Effect of malic acid salts on physical work capacity and its recovery after exhausting muscular activity]

56 Physiol. Res. 56: 213-220, 2007
Effects of L-Malate on Physical Stamina and Activities of
Enzymes Related to the Malate-Aspartate Shuttle in Liver of
Mice

57 Journal of Nutritional and Environmental Medicine
1992, Vol. 3, No. 1, Pages 49-59
Management of Fibromyalgia: Rationale for the Use of Magnesium and Malic Acid

58 The Influence of Supplementing Malic Acid Nutrient on Boxers' Anti-fatigue Ability
LIU Gang,FENG Mei-yun,ZHANG Ying,GAO Ying,FAN Qing-min(Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)

59 Review
Isomaltulose (Palatinose®): a review of biological and toxicological studies
b Sόdzucker AG, Wormser Strasse 11, 67283 Obrigheim, Pfalz, Germany

60 The effect of palatinose on mental concentration in humans.

61Effect of nitrate and nitrite on carotene absorption
Mitchell, G. E., Little, C. O., Jr. & Greathouse, T. R. (1964). Influence of nitrate and nitrite,
on carotene disappearance from the rat intestine. Life Sci. 4, 385.

62 Asensi M, Medina I, Ortega A, et al. (August 2002). "Inhibition of cancer growth by resveratrol is related to its low bioavailability". Free Radic. Biol. Med. 33 (3): 387–98.


scusate ma e tutto in inglese

si tratta del nuovo prewo di thermolife senza stimolanti che sta per uscire

[greatescape]

sembra ben formulato
hanno inserito la forma nitrata dell'arginina e una parte della beta alanina ma stranamente hanno messo creatina legata con acido malico
forse per non pestare i piedi al c-bol

[THEHUGE]

Originariamente inviato da greatescape

sembra ben formulato
hanno inserito la forma nitrata dell'arginina e una parte della beta alanina ma stranamente hanno messo creatina legata con acido malico
forse per non pestare i piedi al c-bol

Probabilmente. Un bel prodotto comunque.

[LiborioAsahi]

Thehuge ma cosa sai dirmi del palatinosio?!

[greatescape]

da quello che ricordo il palatinose è un carboidrato a basso ig buono migliore delle maltodestrine da usare come pre-during
molti dicono che va bene anche nel post ma io a questo punto preferisco waxy o vitargo

[THEHUGE]

Originariamente inviato da LiborioAsahi

Thehuge ma cosa sai dirmi del palatinosio?!

Greatescape ha gia' risposto. Senza infamia e senza lode, personalmente non ho mai riscontrato benefici tangibili dall'assunzione di carboidrati pre-wo.

[LiborioAsahi]

@great:
Fico è proprio la risposta che cercavo! lo sto usando per assenza d'altro come pre e during ad ignoranza (lo comprai solo per provarlo, senza saperne le effettive qualità)

@Thehuge:
Non so, per me l'assunzione di carbo da effetti evidenti negli allenamenti di forza. Tantopiù se come me ad oggi si è in una lowcarb ipocalorica!

[THEHUGE]

Originariamente inviato da LiborioAsahi

@great:
Fico è proprio la risposta che cercavo! lo sto usando per assenza d'altro come pre e during ad ignoranza (lo comprai solo per provarlo, senza saperne le effettive qualità)

@Thehuge:
Non so, per me l'assunzione di carbo da effetti evidenti negli allenamenti di forza. Tantopiù se come me ad oggi si è in una lowcarb ipocalorica!

Molto soggettivo. Se consumo QUALUNQUE alimento(sia esso solido o liquido) nelle due ore precedenti l'allenamento mi sento letargico e nauseato.

[LiborioAsahi]

si infatti, fra l'altro pensavo di averlo scritto che probabilmente è soggettiva come cosa!

[jim_a]

cosa pensi della arginine nitrate??

[ventoblu]

se non assumo carbo almeno 1 e mezza prima del workout non spingo proprio...il contrario praticamente ..la cosa è 100% soggettiva.

[HunterUaz]

Originariamente inviato da THEHUGE

Probabilmente. Un bel prodotto comunque.

Ma come mai qui si dice che la quercitina può aumentare la biodisponibilità del resveratrolo mentre da una altra parte si dice che la stessa in associazione è un inibitore di Sirt-1?